Newspaper Editorials With English Vocab 4/3/2016

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#DNA #The Hindu #The Business Standard #The Indian Express #The Moscow Times #The Newyork Times #The Dawn #The Guardian  

DNA ; Kingfisher scam: Now banks, CBI team up to tackle frauds 


Banks and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) are coming together to form a permanent working group having representations from both banks and the investigation agency. Banks have also asked the CBI for direct access to the
passport website in order to quickly verify the authenticity of documents. The working group will look at ways to tackle the growing menace of frauds in the banking system.
Banks and the CBI may also work together towards getting Vijay Mallya arrested and staking claim to the $75 million that Diageo has promised to pay him for walking away from United Spirits, according to bankers.
This comes a day after banks and the CBI were at loggerheads about the treatment of financial scam cases. While the CBI attempted to point fingers towards banks for not reporting the cases earlier, banks hit back saying that even reporting to the CBI hasn't had any dramatic effect on the cases.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and CBI are also jointly working on a portal where the regulator and the investigating agency will share data and information so that they can jointly act on the fraudulent cases. Bankers will also be trained in the CBI training centre at Ghaziabad so that they can tackle fraudulent cases with ease.
On Wednesday, top bankers from both public sector and private banks, officials from the stock market regulator Sebi and the RBI brainstormed with the CBI top brass on various issues that create hurdles for taking action against willful defaulters. Top executives from all public sector banks and private sector banks participated in the deliberation where bankers were divided into 11 groups to discuss and present their key points.
United Bank of India was one of the first banks to declare Kingfisher as a wilful defaulter. But the bank's credit committee decision was quashed by the Calcutta High Court on technical grounds. The legal restrictions also stand in the way of getting justice in several cases. When recovery notices are sent to borrowers, they move the court to get a stay on the bank's efforts, bankers told the CBI officials.
Even in the Kingfisher case, the banks so far have been able to auction only one property – the Kingfishe House in Mumbai. Mallya's Goa villa is yet to be attached by banks because it is embroiled in legal issues. The only recovery was through the sale of the shares of United Spirits that were pledged with banks.
A senior banker who was part of the deliberations said that the chairman of a large public sector bank raised the issue of fear psychosis among bankers who are treated by investigating agencies as perpetrators of the fraud rather than being treated as victims.
Some foreign and private sector bankers raised the issue of cross border transactions where companies and promoters form special purpose vehicles (SPVs) to transfer money from domestic markets to overseas locations. The RBI representative also raised the issue of the SPV being the conduit for money leaving India and then lenders and investigating agencies loosing track of the money trail.
The CBI has assured the bankers that they need not fear to report cases to the investigating agency and that bankers would be given an impartial hearing.

tack·le
The equipment required for a task or sport.

men·ace
A person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat or danger.

At loggerheads 

to strongly disagree (with someone):

quash
Reject or void, especially by legal procedure.

em·broil
Involve (someone) deeply in an argument, conflict, or difficult situation.

perpetrators
(perpetrate) perform an act, usually with a negative connotation; "perpetrate a crime"; "pull a bank robbery"

im·par·tial
Treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.




Indian Express: Aadhaar’s basis


In the course of his budget speech, the finance minister had alluded to the government’s resolve to extend statutory backing to Aadhaar and, within the week, it has tabled the requisite bill in the Lok Sabha. This is what the UPA government should have done right in the beginning, when it appointed Nandan Nilekani to create the technology framework for a biometric ID. Nilekani himself should have requested legislation instead of insisting that data security could be assured technologically. A law defining biometric IDs and the parameters within which they can be legally used would have annulled the first argument against the project, concerning privacy. There is little disagreement about its utility and appropriateness for promoting financial inclusion and leakproofing direct benefit transfers from government, and the NDA has rightly forged ahead to give Aadhaar a statutory basis as an opt-in system for securing benefits.
The government has prudently moved a money bill, which means that its lack of numbers in the Upper House will not be an impediment. The Rajya Sabha’s role is limited to returning the Aadhaar Bill to the Lok Sabha with recommendations within a set timeframe. It cannot block or alter the legislation, but can sound warnings. If it does, the government should pay heed, or it would run the risk of detracting from the perceived legitimacy of Aadhaar. While pushing Aadhaar through as a money bill is tactically sound, for it will be signed into law, the government must know that it is sidestepping extended parliamentary debate. In the legislature, discussion confers credibility more surely than numbers, and being responsive to objections about Aadhaar would strengthen the ID. Resistance to Aadhaar partly owes to the perception that it was neither secure nor voluntary, and activism and lawsuits retarding its deployment resulted.
The bill goes into privacy issues, but it cannot be assumed that matters on these questions pending before a Constitution bench of the Supreme Court will melt away. However, the bill is a decisive step towards a leakproof subsidy regime and, eventually, a cashless economy. The latter should be the political goal of Aadhaar — a financial system where money is dematerialised, value is transferred electronically and the lack of cash makes corruption unrewarding. Politically, that is a target worth shooting for.

al·lude
Suggest or call attention to indirectly; hint at.

an·nul
Declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result).

pru·dent
Acting with or showing care and thought for the future.

im·ped·i·ment
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something.

heed
Pay attention to; take notice of.

de·tract
Reduce or take away the worth or value of.

per·ceive
Become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand.

re·tard
Delay or hold back in terms of progress, development, or accomplishment.

deployment
The distribution of forces in preparation for battle or work


Business Standard: The Ishrat issue


The controversy over the 2004 killing by police of the student Ishrat Jahan in Gujarat, brought once again into the limelight during the court deposition of double agent David Headley, refuses to go away. In the most recent developments, former Union home ministry officials including former Home Secretary G K Pillai said that then Home Minister P Chidambaram had recalled an affidavit sent to the Supreme Court on the killing of Jahan, removed statements regarding reports of confirmed links to Pakistan-based terrorists, and only then sent it to his bureaucrats for approval. Mr Chidambaram has agreed with this version of events, adding that the second affidavit "speaks for itself". While David Headley's testimony about Jahan was not of the sort to inspire confidence, a home minister's direct intervention in such a politically salient case - the current prime minister, during his re-election campaign in Gujarat, had made an issue of the threats to his life and to peace in the state from Pakistan-based terror groups - can raise many eyebrows.

What, however, is unfortunate is that the decision by the Union government to alter its affidavit to the Court seems to have overshadowed the actual central question of the case. Whether or not Jahan was a suspected terrorist is not the point; the point is: was she murdered in a staged encounter? It needs to be emphasised that, at the point at which she died, Jahan was innocent. She was innocent because she had not been proved guilty in a court of law, and until then she remains innocent, whatever the later-revealed suspicions of officers. In fact, there is not even any charge against Jahan for prior terrorist activity. In other words, what is being asked here is to defend not even the shooting of a person suspected to be guilty of terrorism, but of someone suspected of terrorist leanings. This is outrageous in any liberal society, and this is what should be the focus of any enquiry.

Multiple authorities, including court-appointed and monitored investigations, have indicated that the encounter in which Jahan and others were killed was staged. While fake encounters are not new in India, especially in areas where insurgencies are ongoing, this one came in a largely peaceful state and had major implications for political stability and harmony. Investigations are needed primarily to ensure that the rule of law cannot be upended with impunity. The questions remain: which police officers staged the encounter? Did they do so with political assent, or was there a cover-up subsequently? It should go without saying that even a terrorist has a right to a proper trial before sentence is passed - if officers of the state start shooting people on mere suspicion of associating with those who might have terrorist leanings, then the rule of law will break down swiftly. Whether or not Mr Chidambaram's change of the Union government's affidavit was necessary or justified is far less important, and the allegations against him should not be used to whitewash a staged encounter.

lime·light
Intense white light obtained by heating a cylinder of lime, formerly used in theaters.

dep·o·si·tion
The action of deposing someone, especially a monarch.

sa·li·ent
Most noticeable or important.

al·ter
Change or cause to change in character or composition, typically in a comparatively small but significant way.

o·ver·shad·ow
Tower above and cast a shadow over

lean·ing
A tendency or partiality of a particular kind.

out·ra·geous
Shockingly bad or excessive.

insurgencies
(insurgency) an organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict

up·end
Set or turn (something) on its end or upside down.

im·pu·ni·ty
Exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action.

white·wash
A solution of lime and water or of whiting, size, and water, used for painting walls white.





The Hindu: Welcome release, strange remarks

The Delhi High Court order releasing Jawaharlal Nehru University Students’ Union leader Kanhaiya Kumar on interim bail for six months is the only welcome news to come out of the three-week-long ‘sedition’ drama in the national capital. During thesethree intense weeks, the Delhi police embarked on an unwarranted investigation into a meeting organised by a small group of students on the campus on February 9, dubbing the speeches and slogans made there as ‘anti-national’. Mr. Kumar was arrested on February 12, and later, two more surrendered in the case. Mr. Kumar has been charged with sedition, even though he was neither the organiser nor an active participant in a programme at which allegedly ‘anti-national’ slogans were raised on February 9. Unsubstantiated allegations and unreliable video footage containing inaudible slogans and unclear images were used to put together a legally untenable case of sedition against some students. It is singularly unfortunate that while granting Mr. Kumar bail with a time limit, the Delhi High Court chose to make unusual observations strengthening the police theory that the entire JNU campus suffers from some unpatriotic and anti-national infestation that requires cleansing through pro-active policing. The court goes to the extent of saying that it is releasing Mr. Kumar on bail as a “conservative method of treatment” for a supposedly serious infection that would otherwise require surgery.
It is a curious bail order. In many respects, it accepts the prosecution’s case. It concludes that the activities at the event were anti-national, but does not say if the essential ingredients for invoking the sedition charge were present. It declares that Mr. Kumar cannot invoke the freedom of speech under Article 19(1) (a), and appears to anchor its decision to grant bail on the sole ground that he should “remain in the mainstream”. The court’s condition that Mr. Kumar should furnish an undertaking that he would not actively or passively participate in any activity that may be termed anti-national is a vague stipulation. In a democracy, the court should seek to have a restraining influence on the executive, but should not be seen as contributing to any partisan discourse that pits radical campus politics against a narrow notion of nationalism. The country is witnessing a disturbing trend of left-wing students, and liberal intellectuals backing their right to practise their brand of politics, being dubbed ‘anti-national’, while the Army and its admirers are placed in patriotic counterposition to them. Courts should not give the judicial imprimatur to the bogus binary sought to be created between ‘seditious students’ and ‘selfless soldiers’. Student activists cannot be portrayed as enemies of the families of martyred soldiers. The government must see reason and drop its attempts to criminalise contrarian views, especially when there is no proof of actual incitement to subversive violence. It should give up the use of Section 124-A, which covers sedition. The provision deserves a place only in history books, not the statute book.

em·bark
Go on board a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle

un·ten·a·ble
(especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection.

se·di·tion
Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.

infestation
The state of being invaded or overrun by parasites

stip·u·la·tion
A condition or requirement that is specified or demanded as part of an agreement.

re·strain
Prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep under control or within limits.

im·pri·ma·tur
An official license by the Roman Catholic Church to print an ecclesiastical or religious book.

con·trar·i·an
A person who opposes or rejects popular opinion, especially in stock exchange dealing.


The Hindu: Reviving the politics of remission


The decision of the AIADMK government in Tamil Nadu to release the seven life convicts in the 1991 Rajiv Gandhi assassination case and seek the Union government’s view on the move is a politically partisan attempt to corner Chief Minister Jayalalithaa’s electoral rivals and place the national parties in a spot ahead of the Assembly elections to be held this summer. It needs a perverse disregard for normative politics to convert the humanitarian issue of granting freedom to prisoners incarcerated for nearly a quarter century into an electoral trump card. To add perspective, it must be recalled that on February 18, 2014, the Supreme Court commuted the death sentences of three conspirators in the Rajiv Gandhi case to life terms on the ground that there was an unreasonable delay in the disposal of their mercy petitions. The very next day theAIADMK government declared that it would release all seven life convicts in the case and gave a three-day deadline to the Centre to give its views, marking a dramatic leap from capital punishment toen masse release, within 24 hours. The Supreme Court intervened to stay their release after the Congress-led government of the day challenged the decision. A Constitution Bench settled the substantive questions of law arising from the issue, holding on December 2, 2015, that the Centre had ‘primacy’ in according remission to life convicts in a case that involves consultation between the Centre and the State. It observed that the remission law should not be used for the ‘rescue’ of ‘hardened and heartless offenders’.
Commuting death sentence to life imprisonment is an act of compassion. Releasing the beneficiaries of such commutation, on the other hand, requires careful consideration on a case-by-case basis. It can be nobody’s argument that life convicts should be locked away for life. At the same time, it is noteworthy that lifelong imprisonment is now seen as an alternative to the death penalty. There may be instances when the death sentence is deemed excessive, while a regular life term, which has scope for remission after 14 years, seems inadequate. In such cases, imprisonment for the rest of one’s natural life may be the appropriate punishment. Any decision on releasing such convicts will have to be made after evaluating the gravity of the crime, the probable effect of their release on society, and the essential inhumanity of prolonged incarceration without even a sliver of hope of freedom. Some may believe it is time to set free the Rajiv case prisoners as they were mere accessories in the assassination, while the masterminds are dead. But there can be no omnibus order covering everyone. With the Supreme Court saying these convicts should not even be allowed ‘a ray of hope’, the BJP-led government at the Centre may not respond positively. The AIADMK regime could have explored the scope for a constitutional remedy such as invoking the Governor’s clemency power under Article 161. Instead, it has chosen a legally discredited route for political gains.


re·vive
Restore to life or consciousness.

re·mis·sion
The cancellation of a debt, charge, or penalty.

as·sas·si·na·tion
The action of assassinating someone.

per·verse
(of a person or their actions) showing a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable or unacceptable, often in spite of the consequences.

dis·re·gard
Pay no attention to; ignore.

nor·ma·tive
Establishing, relating to, or deriving from a standard or norm, especially of behavior.

com·mute
Travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis.

com·pas·sion
Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others.

pro·longed
Continuing for a long time or longer than usual; lengthy.

in·car·cer·a·tion
The state of being confined in prison; imprisonment.

om·ni·bus
A volume containing several novels or other items previously published separately.

in·voke
Cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument.

clem·en·cy
Mercy; lenience.

dis·cred·it
Harm the good reputation of (someone or something).





 

 

The Newyork Times: My Father, the Editor, Under Fire


I scrolled through a series of videos and images. The first one was titled “Confession,” and featured a newspaper editor being harangued by a talk-show host. Further down, I saw a photograph of a crowd burning an effigy of this man. There was another, a Photoshopped image of the man with devil’s horns affixed to his head. Then there were the news stories, the tally of lawsuits against him rising to 30, 40, 70 cases. Finally, there was a statement from the prime minister of Bangladesh: The editor should resign and face trial.
The editor is my father, Mahfuz Anam, and the newspaper is The Daily Star, the English-language paper he co-founded 25 years ago.
My father used to joke that one of his ambitions was to open an ice-cream parlor. Instead, at the age of 41, he left a career at the United Nations to start a newspaper


I was 15, and we were living in Thailand at the time. Soon, we had packed up our lives and returned to our hometown, Dhaka. The newspaper was born in January 1991, just as the eight-year military dictatorship of President H. M. Ershad ended. With the onset of democracy, my father was able to return to Bangladesh and fulfill his duty to the country that he, as a freedom fighter, helped liberate 20 years before.
Within months of taking on the editorship of the paper, my father criticized the first democratically elected government for its failure to reach out to the opposition and create a bipartisan consensus. He then lambasted the opposition for boycotting Parliament and for resorting to general strikes as a means of protest. In a deeply divided political climate, he set the tone for independent journalism, meting out criticism for both parties if they failed to serve the greater good.
The Daily Star became the biggest circulation English-language daily newspaper in the country, with a sister publication in Bangla called Prothom Alo. Together, they are a major force in the independent print media and attest to the relative freedom enjoyed by the press in Bangladesh since the end of the dictatorship, something to be proud of in a region where journalists are regularly imprisoned and disappeared.
Yet my father has not been immune from the heavy hand of the state. He has faced pressure from the government, the intelligence services, the army, the police — all the institutions from which he has demanded transparency.
At no point was this greater than in 2007, when an army-backed caretaker government held power for two years in the run-up to national elections. During this period, the intelligence services supplied stories to the press in the form of transcripts, audiotapes and videos in which people confessed to having bribed government officials, including the Awami League leader and current prime minister, Sheikh Hasina. These reports couldn’t be independently verified, but The Daily Star, along with other media outlets, ran the stories anyway.
In July 2007, Ms. Hasina was arrested on charges of corruption. She was detained in the grounds of the Parliament for 11 months.
Once the military rule ended, the witnesses who had accused Ms. Hasina recanted, claiming their stories were extracted under duress; these retractions were reported in The Daily Star. Even so, over time, my father came to regret his judgment in deciding to run the original story without corroboration; on Feb. 3, on the occasion of The Daily Star’s 25th anniversary, he went on a late-night talk show and said as much.
The following morning, the airwaves were awash with his “confession.” The son of Prime Minister Hasina, Sajeeb Wazed, called for my father’s arrest on charges of treason, alleging that he was the cause of Ms. Hasina’s incarceration. Since then, scores of lawsuits charging my father with criminal defamation and sedition have been lodged in courts all over Bangladesh.
This is only the latest chapter in the state’s targeting of The Daily Star and Prothom Alo. In March 2015, The Daily Star published a photograph of a recruitment poster produced by the banned Islamist group Hizb-ut-Tahrir with the caption “terrorism rears its ugly head”; Ms. Hasina told Parliament that the paper had “helped the radical cause” by printing the photograph and the state would “move against” those who had published it. In August, a sudden drop in advertising from the telecoms sector was widely believed to have been ordered by state intelligence.
And now this. Doubtless, the publication of unverifiable reports based on “confessions” made by people in custody — though a common media practice in Bangladesh — should be questioned, and this could be an excellent opportunity to revise journalistic practice. Instead, the state is exploiting the chance to double down on its suppression of free speech.
When something like this happens to someone you love, it is difficult not to focus on his immediate safety. Yet the harassment of my father is not about the government’s ire against one man, but about the stifling of the independent media in Bangladesh and the general narrowing of critical space.
Ms. Hasina herself has now gone on the record that she, too, believes the rumor that my father was behind her arrest. Rather than investigating the intelligence task force, which coerced the confessions, or the judicial process that led to the case against Ms. Hasina, or the officials involved in her arrest, the government has brought down the full force of the state on a newspaper.
My father sent a text message to me in London the other day. “I’m being sued for 17 billion dollars,” he wrote. “This is more than the total budget of the country at independence.” I hear the smile behind the words. I also feel the sadness behind the smile.
I wonder if this is how he felt in 1958, when his father was arrested by the Pakistani military dictatorship for being a Bengali nationalist. My grandfather spent four years in jail, released only when his health had deteriorated so badly that the authorities were afraid he’d die in custody.
A year ago, the blogger and free speech activist Avijit Roy was murdered as he was leaving the Ekushey book fair. Then, we feared the violent extremists who were murdering our writers on the streets. Now, it is the state itself that is brutally suppressing political dissent. Caught between a paranoid government and the threats of violent fringe groups, the free media is the victim.
Guiltily, I dream of that ice-cream shop, its sweet blandness, and that other life we might have had. Of course, it was never going to be. Dissent is in the blood, and now the story must be seen through.
I fear the worst for my father. However things are resolved for him personally, his beloved country will emerge the poorer for his ordeal

scroll
Move displayed text or graphics in a particular direction on a computer screen in order to view different parts of them.

ha·rangue
Lecture (someone) at length in an aggressive and critical manner.

ef·fi·gy
A sculpture or model of a person.

on·set
The beginning of something, especially something unpleasant.

lam·baste
Criticize (someone or something) harshly.

boy·cott
Withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest

meting out
to give or order a punishment or make someone receivecruel or unfair treatment:

im·mune
Resistant to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

re·cant
Say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical.

ex·tract
Remove or take out, especially by effort or force.

retractions
(retraction) a disavowal or taking back of a previous assertion

a·wash
Covered or flooded with water, especially seawater or rain.

trea·son
The crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government.


in·car·cer·a·tion
The state of being confined in prison; imprisonment.

ire
Anger.

sti·fling
(of heat, air, or a room) very hot and causing difficulties in breathing; suffocating.

co·erce
Persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats.

sup·press
Forcibly put an end to.

dis·sent
Hold or express opinions that are at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially expressed.

par·a·noid
Of, characterized by, or suffering from the mental condition of paranoia.

or·deal
A painful or horrific experience, especially a protracted one.


The Moscow Times: Why I Want to Enter a Sham Parliament (Op-Ed)


I have decided to stand for parliament as a candidate for the only party devoted to protecting private business.
People tell me it is an exercise in futility; that this new party will also fall under the control of the authorities; and that the State Duma itself is held on a tight leash by those in power.
I agree.
I have always said that there is only one party in Russia, and that is the presidential administration. Russians live in a feudal system, and we see on a daily basis how so-called "officials" behave toward the business community. I understand all of that perfectly well.
But I have a simple choice. I could tell myself that this whole system is dead in the water, that we are all feudal peasants, and that I should just crawl quietly back into the kitchen and mind my own business — literally.
Or I could take a second approach, and this is the one I prefer.
I am not a businessman — I am an entrepreneur, a word taken from the French "entreprendre" that means to undertake, initiate or start something. I have long taken action, and now I am trying to help create one more small mechanism of influence that would enable the business community to convey its demands and aspirations to those who make the decisions.
I sometimes ask my fellow businessmen why I am the only one raising a ruckus. After all, almost all of us have grounds for complaint. The authorities are either bulldozing our shops or seizing our businesses outright. So why aren't any of them coming forward? Folks, the authorities are chopping your legs off and you can't even muster the courage to say it hurts! I feel as if I am crying alone in the wilderness.
We constantly take abuse from the law enforcement agencies, the Federal Tax Service, local fire departments, and so on. When the Tax Service reports that it collects more taxes each year even while the number of businesses declines, it means that ever fewer businesses are paying ever higher taxes.
And what are taxes? They are payments businesses make in return for certain government services. But those services never appear and tax collectors keep demanding more. That shows the inherent flaw in the logic of how the national budget is formed.
The current dialogue between the state and the business community is like that between a butcher and a cow. I am in favor of doing something to change that, and not just fretting about it in my kitchen or on social networks.
Here is a simple example: Russian truckers have parked their vehicles outside Moscow for the last four months in protest for their rights. They have gathered at Khimki and Tyoply Stan and are going hungry. If just one out of every 10 local shop owners who sell the goods those men truck in would bring them a little food to eat or a few rubles to live on, those protestors could go on fighting for their rights and ours.
Yes, the Duma is the Kremlin's lapdog, but what good does it do to just blabber about it? Get up off your backside and do something about it!
I have a clear goal in taking part in these parliamentary elections — to promote the rights of small and medium businesses. My task is to gather the demands and aspirations of ordinary businesspeople and convey them to the power-brokers at the top.
I know that others, both in parliament and elsewhere, are also trying to do something to effect change.
I am also well aware that even if our party wins five Duma seats, we can't put an immediate end to this problem.
But, at least, if we do win something, our voice will be louder than it was before.

fu·til·i·ty
Pointlessness or uselessness.

feu·dal
According to, resembling, or denoting the system of feudalism.

dead in the water
If something is dead in the water, it has failed and it seemsimpossible that it will be successful in the future:

peas·ant
A poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).

crawl
(of a person) move forward on the hands and knees or by dragging the body close to the ground.

ruck·us
A disturbance or commotion

bull·doze
Clear (ground) or destroy (buildings, trees, etc.) with a bulldozer.

Chop something off
to cut off part of something with a sharp tool

fret
Be constantly or visibly worried or anxious.

lap·dog
A small dog kept as a pet.

blab·ber
Talk foolishly, mindlessly, or excessively.


The Dawn: Pak-US ties: a familiar pattern


THE Pakistan-US Strategic Dialogue was conceived at a time when bilateral ties were in trouble and the two states were trying to reset their relationship and its tone in order to address regional security issues.
Six years on, including a three-year hiatus between 2010 and 2013, and six meetings later, the strategic dialogue has settled into a pattern. That pattern is of signalling stability in the broader Pakistan-US relationship — including incremental progress on soft-power items and projects — in order to focus on the security aspects of the relationship.
The sixth meeting has continued the pattern. A lengthy joint statement issued in Washington, D.C. covered topics ranging from ‘expanding trade and accelerating economic growth’ to ‘education, science and technology’ and from reaffirming US support for democracy in Pakistan to ‘continued cooperation in energy’.
Several of the items in the dialogue baskets can have significant marginal benefits for Pakistan. US assistance in the electricity sector, for example, can add to the production of more efficient and relatively cheaper power.
Similarly, cooperation in the education sector, particularly if the Pakistani government desires to see 10,000 PhDs trained in the US by 2025, could significantly change the higher education landscape in the country.
Yet, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the strategic dialogue exists in order for the US to signal that it is committed to engaging Pakistan over the medium and long term — a signal that allows work to be done in the core areas of counter-terrorism, nuclear issues and regional peace processes. Indeed, reading the joint statement in reverse chronology gives a better sense of the key issues in the bilateral relationship: regional cooperation; defence and security cooperation; continued cooperation on law enforcement and countering terrorism; and strategic stability.
Perhaps the greatest convergence in the American and Pakistani positions in the security realm is on the Afghanistan issue.
This may be less because Pakistan has convinced the US of the wisdom of its approach to Afghanistan and more because the Obama administration appears to have no real interest in or policy for Afghanistan anymore.
Anything that prevents a meltdown in Afghanistan before the end of the Obama administration next January appears to be the American baseline.
On Pakistan’s internal fight against militancy there seems mostly positive support, though suggestions continue about Pakistan’s need to broaden the fight to include anti-India and anti-Afghanistan militants.
On the nuclear issue, the US is still pushing for change in the Pakistani posture, but perhaps recognises that the India-specificness of Pakistan’s nuclear programme makes changes unlikely and extremely difficult.
Overall, the sixth strategic dialogue confirms a familiar understanding of Pakistan-US ties: neither the US nor Pakistan is truly looking for a strategic partnership, but both sides understand the need to build and sustain a significant, security-centric relationship.

con·ceive
Become pregnant with (a child).

hiatus 
a short pause in which nothing happens or is said, or a space where something is missing

con·ver·gence
The process or state of converging.

realm
A kingdom.


The Guardian view on Iran’s elections: the people make their views very clear


Whenever Iranians are given the chance to express their views in elections they nearly always vote for the most moderate candidates available. When the authorities contrive to prevent moderates standing, the voters choose the least conservative candidates, and if those results are rigged they come back to the polling booths next time and obstinately choose moderates again. That democratic determination was demonstrated anew over the weekend in the elections for the majlis, or parliament, and for the assembly of experts, which has a number of key constitutional roles.
Candidates linked to President Hassan Rouhani swept the board in Tehran and did well in other large cities. Conservatives did better in small towns. Because of the way constituencies are organised so that big cities other than Tehran are underrepresented, conservatives will remain a major force in the majlis, but it is probable that a majority of Iranians, in population terms, voted for the moderate and reformist camp.
Given the obstacles that were put in their way, this is quite an achievement. The Iranian conservatives, sometimes known as principlists, had combed through the candidate lists for both parliament and assembly, removing every centrist and liberal they could. They used state TV and radio ruthlessly and leaned on what semi-independent media exist. They warned and lectured and fulminated. The result was an election that was stage-managed in almost every way, but this was nevertheless a play that did not end in the manner conservatives wanted. It is an old story in Iranian politics. Time and again conservative candidates for office have failed, sometimes miserably, and moderates, including outsiders, have succeeded.
The reason is that two broad forces contend in Iran. Conservatives – religiously strict, suspicious of the outside world, guardians of the revolutionary heritage (or of their version of it), instinctively authoritarian, and with old-fashioned views on gender – hold most of the levers of power. But Iran has been autonomously modernising for decades. It is plugged in to the latest developments in the west and to the Iranian diaspora, and wants to engage the world rather than keep it at arm’s length. Women flood into higher education in spite of restrictions and are in the workforce in large numbers; marriage is more equal. When Iranians vote for moderates they are saying they want a political system congruent with society as it exists. They don’t get it, but they keep open the possibility that one day it will come.

President Rouhani led the way, first of all by his own election in 2013 as a centrist endorsed by moderates, and then by steering the nuclear negotiations with the west to a successful conclusion. Conservatives did not want the nuclear deal, distrusting the United States as they do, and also seeing the deal as likely to reduce in time the influence of the giant military-industrial complex controlled by the Revolutionary Guards, ultimate bastion of the Iranian right. Most ordinary people, by contrast, wanted to see an end to sanctions and to an era of hostile relations with countries with which they feel they have a lot in common. President Rouhani will rightly see these elections as a personal triumph, but he will have to tread carefully. His new supporters in the majlis include many who are moderates only in name. He must maintain good relations with the supreme leader, Ali Khamenei, part of the conservative camp if not its formal chief. He must also prepare the way for a difficult transition if a new supreme leader has to be chosen.
He will not lean too far in the reformist direction, and probably is at one with many of those who voted for him, who want a middle way. Those who expect rapid movement on human rights, or in foreign policy, are likely to be disappointed. But his hand has been strengthened, and the Iranian people have signalled very clearly in what direction they wish their society to go.

con·trive
Create or bring about (an object or a situation) by deliberate use of skill and artifice.

obstinately
Stubbornly: in a stubborn unregenerate manner; "she remained stubbornly in the same position"

maj·lis
The parliament of various North African and Middle Eastern countries, especially Iran.

con·gru·ent
In agreement or harmony

bas·tion
A projecting part of a fortification built at an angle to the line of a wall, so as to allow defensive fire in several directions.

tread
Walk in a specified way.


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