Delhi Sultanate

Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate.

Dynasty	Period of Rule	Prominent rulers
Mamluk or Slave dynasty	1206 - 1290	Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, Ghiyasuddin Balban
Khilji dynasty	1290 - 1320	Alauddin Khilji
Tughlaq dynasty	1321 - 1413	Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Sayyid dynasty	1414 - 1450	Khizr Khan
Lodhi dynasty	1451 - 1526	Ibrahim Lodhi

Important Rulers and Points to Remember

Ruler	Points to remember
Qutubuddin Aibak	He was a slave of Mohammad Ghori. He was the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Ghulam dynasty (Mamluk Sultanate) of India. He ruled for only four years, from 1206 to 1210 AD. He died while playing polo in Lahore. He built the Quwwat Al Islam mosque in Delhi and the Adhai-din-ka-Jhonpra mosque in Ajmer. He started the construction of Qutb Minar in Delhi, which is dedicated to a famous Sufi Saint of the time, Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. He is also remembered as lakhbaksh or giver of lakhs, because of his generosity.
Iltutmish	He was the first to issue regular currency and declare Delhi as the capital of his empire. He introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital - the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. He introduced Iqtadari system: division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. He built the Hauz-i-Shamsi reservoir in Mehrauli in 1230. He completed the Qutub Minar started by Qutubuddin Aibak. Sultan Ghari which is considered the first Islamic Mausoleum in Delhi, was constructed by him in memory of his eldest son, Prince Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud. Genghis Khan, the Mongolian invader appeared for the first time on the banks of river Indus, during his reign. He was the longest serving Slave ruler who ruled for 25 years.
Razia Sultan	Razia was the first lady to sit on the throne of Delhi. She succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the Sultanate of Delhi in 1236.
Balban	His original name was Baharuddin. He is considered the greatest Sultan of slave dynasty. He was a slave bought by Sultan Iltutmish. He introduced the Persian culture of Zaminbos that is lying flat on one's face before the emperor. He adopted a policy of blood and iron against rebels, traitors and robbers. He got the title of Ulagh Khan for defeating the Mongols. He suppressed the rebellious tribe Meo, the people of Mewat who used to plunder the people of Delhi even in the day light. Balban ruled with an iron fist. He broke up the Chahalgani, a group of the forty most important nobles in the court.
Ala-ud-din Khilji	He was the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty in India and is considered the most powerful ruler of the dynasty. He became the Sultan after murdering his uncle Jalaluddin Khilji. He established an effective espionage system to curb any revolt from his followers. He was the first Sultan to maintain a standing army. He was the first Sultan to conquer the Deccan. He created the third city of Delhi known as Siri. He is known for his economic reforms and price control system. Alauddin Khilji seized the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond from the ruler of Malwa.
Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq	His original name was Ghazi Malik. He founded the city of Tughluqabad. He died when a pavilion built for him collapsed.
Muhammad bin Tughluq	His original name was Jauna Khan. He was a scholar versed in logic, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and physical sciences. He had knowledge of medicine and was skillful in dialectics. He was also a calligrapher. He was well versed with several languages like Persian, Arabic, Turkish and even Sanskrit. He introduced token currency using brass or copper coins backed by silver or gold in treasury. However, the measure lead to heavy losses to the treasury. He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri, which he renamed as Daulatabad, but as the plan failed he shifted back to Delhi. Ibn Batuta, the famous Moroccan traveler, visited him during his reign.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq	He was the son of a Hindu princess of Dipalpur. He is best known for the construction of a network of canals. He founded several cities, including Jaunpur, Firozpur, Firoz Shah Kotla and Hissar-Firoza. He rebuilt the top two floors of the Qutub Minar which were damaged by lightning in 1368 AD. One of his hunting lodges, Shikargah, also known as Kushak Mahal, is situated within the Teen Murti Bhavan complex, Delhi. Tughlaq Road in Delhi is named after him.
Sikandar Lodhi	He founded the modern city of Agra.
Ibrahim Lodhi	The last of Delhi Sultans, he was defeated and killed in the 1st Battle of Panipat against Babur in 1526.

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