Foreign Invaders and Foreign Visitors

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#Foreign Invaders and points to remember.

#Foreign Visitors and points to remember.

Foreign Invaders and points to remember.

Invader	Points to remember
Alexander	He was the first to invade India in 326 B.C. He defeated King Porus on the banks of River Jhelum. The battle is known as the Battle of Hydaspes. Dhana Nanda of the Nanda dynasty was in power in northern and eastern India at the time of his invasion. Alexander's army mutinied, possibly at the prospect of facing a strong army of the Nandas and Alexander decided to return to Macedonia.
Chengiz Khan	He was a Mongolian who conquered some kingdoms on the banks of River Indus in 1221 A.D. The ruler of Delhi at that time was Iltutmish.
Mohammed Bin Qasim	He was first muslim to invade India in 712 A.D. He conquered Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus river but did not advance further.
Timur	Timur Lang or Timur the Lame, was a muslim conqueror who invaded India in 1398. The ruler of Delhi at the time was Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah.
Nadir Shah	He was the ruler of Iran who invaded India in 1738. He defeated the Mughal Emperor Muhammed Shah and carried with him the Peacock throne and the Kohinoor diamond.
Ahmed Shah Abdali	He was the ruler of Afghanistan who invaded India several times between 1747 & 1767, the most famous being the invasion of 1761 when he defeated the Marathas in the 3rd battle of Panipat.

Foreign Visitors and points to remember.

Visitor	Points to remember
Megasthenes	He was the ambassador of Seleucus in the court of Chandragupta Maurya known to the Greek as Sandrocottus. He was also the author of a book 'Indica'.
Fahien	He was a Chinese Buddhist monk who visited India during the reign of Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II). He is known for his visit to Lumbini, the birthplace of the Buddha. His journey is described in his travelogue "Record of Buddhist Kingdoms ...".
Huien Tsang	He was a Chinese traveller who visited India during the time of Harsha Vardhana. His book is called Si-yu-ki or 'The Records of the Western World'.
Alberuni	A persian scholar, he accompanied Mohammed of Ghazni and wrote a book titled 'Tahqiq-i-hind'. He was the first mulsim scholar to study India. He is regarded as the father of Indology.
Marco Polo	He was a well known European traveller who visited many Eastern countries, including India. He visited Southern India where Rudramma Devi of the Kakatiyas was in power.
Ibn Batuta	Ibn Batuta was a Moroccon traveller who visited India during the time of Mohammed Bin Tughlaq. His account of travels is known as the Rihla.
Thomas Roe	Sir Thomas Roe was an English diplomat who visited the court of Jahangir in 1615 to seek protection for an English factory at Surat. His Journal of the mission to the Mogul Empire is a valuable contribution to the history of India of the time.
William Hawkins	Captain William Hawkins led the first voyage of the English East India Company to India in 1609 when Jahangir was in power. He had a personal letter from King James I of England 1609, but did not succeed in seeking Jahangir's permission to establish a factory.
Nicolo Conti	Italian merchant who visited India during the period of Deva Raya I of Vijayanagar (1420)
Abdul Razak	He was a Persian cholar and ambassador of the ruler of Persia to Calicut who visited India during the rule of Deva Raya II of Vijayanagar during 1442 to 1445.
St Thomas	He is believed to be the first Christian saint to visit India in 52 A.D..
Francois Bernier	He was a French physician and traveller who visited India during 1658 and 1671. He was the personal physician of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb for around 12 years during his stay in India. He wrote Travels in the Mughal Empire, which is mainly about the reigns of Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb.

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