Ssc Gk Set CLASS-1

#GK #SSC #CLASS-1 

Lambert's law is related to
Reflection
Refraction
Interference
Illumination



D
Important Scientific Laws
Avogadro's Law (Gases)
It states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and
pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their
chemical nature and physical properties. This number (Avogadro's
number) is 6.022 X 1023. It is the number of molecules of any gas present in
a volume of 22.41 litres and is the same for the lightest gas (hydrogen) as for
a heavy gas such as carbon dioxide or bromine.
Stated in 1811 by the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856)
Boyle's Law (Gases)
For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, P
[pressure] and V [volume] are inversely proportional (while one
doubles, the other halves). In other words product of the pressure and
volume is exactly a constant for an ideal gas.
Propounded by Robert Boyle, an Irish Chemist in 1662
Charles' Law (Gases)
It states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the
temperature of the gas, provided the amount of gas and pressure are
held constant.
It was first published by French natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
in 1802, giving credit to an unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques
Charles. It is also known as Gay-Lussac Law.
Coulomb's Law (Electrostatics)
The magnitude of the Electrostatics force of interaction between two
point charges is directly proportional to the scalar multiplication of
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the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to the square of
the distances between them.
Published in 1783 by French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
The induced electromotive force (EMF) in any closed circuit is equal
to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit.
Published by English Physicist Michael Faraday in 1831.
Hooke's Law of Elasticity
It states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the
displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the
deforming force or load.
Discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660.
Joule's Law (Electricity)
It states that, heat produced by an electric current is directly
proportional to the resistance of the conductor, the square of the
current, and the time for which it flows.
Given by the English physicist James Prescott Joule around 1850.
Kepler's three laws of planetary motion
1. The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the
center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses)
2. An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the
planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of
Equal Areas)
3. The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the
ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of
Harmonies)
Published by German astronomer Johannes Kepler between 1609 - 1619.
Lambert's Law (Luminous intensity)
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It states that the luminous intensity of a perfectly diffusing surface in
any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that
direction and the normal to the surface, for which reason the surface will
appear equally bright from all directions.
Published by Johann Heinrich Lambert, a Swiss physicist in 1760.
Lenz's Law (Electromagnetism)
It states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that
the current opposes the change that induced it or in other words an
induced current is always in such a direction as to oppose the motion
or change causing it.
Deduced in 1834 by the Russian physicist Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz.
Newton's Law of motion
1. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state
of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
2. The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting
upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object. As the force
acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the object is
increased. As the mass of an object is increased, the acceleration of the
object is decreased.
3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Published by British physicist Sir Isaac Newton in 1687.
Ohm's Law (Electricity)
Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points, and
inversely proportional to the resistance between them.
Published in 1827 by German physicist Georg Ohm.
Snell's Law (Refraction of light)
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It states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is
equivalent to the ratio of phase velocities in the two media, or equivalent to
the opposite ratio of the indices of refraction.
Named after Dutch astronomer Willebrord Snellius who rediscovered it in
1621.


The Refrigerant 'FREON' is
Calcium Tetra Flouride
Diflouro Dichloro Methane
Flourspar and Felspar
Hydrofluosilicic Acid
B


WIKILEAKS, a whistleblowers website is an international
organisation based in
U.S.A.
U.K.
Sweden
NorwayC



Which of the folloiwng folk dances is associated with Jammu and Kashmir?
Jhora
Veedhi
Rauf
SuisiniC


Who invented the Jet Engine?
Karl Benz
Sir Frank Whittle
Thomas Savery
Michael Faraday

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Inventions - Aviation
Invention Year Inventor
Aeroplane 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright
Airship (non-rigid) 1852 Henri Giffard
Airship (rigid) 1900 G.F. vonZeppelin
Hot air balloon 1783 Jacques and Joseph Montgolfier
Gliders 1853 Sir George Cayley
Helicopter 1924 Etienne Oehmichen
Hovercraft 1955 Christopher Cockerrell
Jet Engine 1937 Sir Frank Whittle
Parachute 1797 AJ Garnerin
Rocket 1926 Robert Goddard
Inventions - Vehicles
Invention Year Inventor
Bicycle 1839-40 Kirkpatrick Macmillan
Bicycle tyres 1888 John Boyd Dunlop
Petrol Car 1888 Karl Benz
Carburettor 1876 Gottlieb Daimler
Diesel Engine 1895 Rudolf Diesel
Ship (steam) 1775 JC Perier
Ship (turbine) 1894 Sir C. Parsons
Submarine 1776 David Bushnell
Motorcycle 1885 G Daimler of Cannstatt
Inventions - Weapons
Invention Year Inventor
Atom Bomb 1945 J Rober Oppenheimer
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Invention Year Inventor
Automatic Rifle 1918 John Browning
Ballistic Missile 1944 Wernher vonBraun
Bolt action rifle 1889 P von Mauser
Guided Missile 1942 Wernher vonBraun
Hydrogen Bomb 1952 Edward Teller
Neutron Bomb 1958 Samel Cohen
Tank 1914 Sir Ernest D Swington
Machine gun 1718 James Puckle
Revolver 1836 Samuel Colt
Inventions - Domestic Appliances
Invention Year Inventor
Ball-point Pen 1888 John J Loud
Mechanical Clock 1725 I. Hsing and Liang Ting
Tsan
Pendulum Clock 1656 Christian Huygens
Electric Lamp 1879 Thomas Alva Edison
Fountain Pen 1884 Lewis E Waterman
Gramophone 1878 Thomas Alva Edison
Safety Match 1826 John Walker
Refrigerator 1850 James Hansen and
Alexander Catlin
Sewing Machine (Chain
stitch) 1841 Barthelemy Thimmonier
Sewing Machine (Lock
stitch) 1846 Elias Howe
TV (Mechanical) 1926 JL Baird
TV (Electronic) 1927 PT Farnsworth
Typewriter 1867 Christopher L Sholes
Inventions - Industrial Revolution
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Invention Year Inventor
Powerloom 1785 E Cartwright
Spinning Frame 1769 Sir Richard Arkwright
Spinning Jenny 1764 James Hargreaves
Spinning Mule 1779 Samuel Crompton


The reserves held by Commercial Banks over and above the
statutory minimum, with the RBI are called
Cash reserves
Deposit reserves
Excess reserves
Momentary reservesC


Who is authorised to issue coins in India?
Reserve Bank of India
Ministry of Finance
State Bank of India
India Overseas BankB



The 'break-even' point is where
marginal revenue equals marginal cost
average revenue equals average cost
total revenue equals total cost
none of the aboveC



The method of Impeachment of the President of India is adopted
from
U.S.A.
U.K.
U.S.S.R.
FranceA



In the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which languages
were added subsequently?
English, Sindhi, Marathi, Sanskrit
Sanskrit, Sindhi, Konkani, Manipuri
Sindhi, Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali
Marathi, Oriya, Konkani, NepaliC


Languages in India
The number of languages
recognised by the Indian
Constitution is
22
At the inception of Indian
constitution in 1950, the number of
recognised languages was
14
The languages which were added to
the Eighth Schedule are
Sindhi, Konkani,
Nepali, Manipuri,
Maithili, Dogri, Bodo
and Santhali.
Number of identifiable mother
tongues as per Ministry of Statistics
and Programme Implementation
report of 2011
234
The first language to be conferred
the status of a Classical Language Tamil
Other languages which have been
conferred the status of a Classical
Language
Sanskrit, Kannada,
Malayalam, Telugu and
Odia
The official language of
Nagaland is English
The official language of Jammu
and Kashmir Urdu
The official language of Goa Konkani
The official language of the
Supreme Court and High Court
as prescribed by the
Constitution of India is
English
The principal languages of
Lakshdweep are
Jeseri (Dweep
Bhasha) and Mahal
Foreign language commonly spoken
in Puducherry (formerly
Pondicherry) is
French
The Indian language known as
the 'Italian of the East' is Telugu
The principal languages of the
Andaman & Nicobar islands are
Hindi, Nicobarese,
Bengali, Tamil,
Malayalam and Telugu.
English is not in the list of recognised languages



List of Languages in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution
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Language Predominantly spoken in Recognised
1. Assamese Assam 1950
2. Bengali West Bengal 1950
3. Bodo Assam, West Bengal 2003
4. Dogri Jammu, Himachal Pradesh 2003
5. Gujarati Gujarat 1950
6. Hindi Most parts of Northern States 1950
7. Kashmiri Jammu and Kashmir 1950
8. Kannada Karnataka 1950
9. Konkani Goa and parts of Karnataka 1992
10.
Malayalam Kerala 1950
11. Manipuri Manipur 1992
12. Marathi Maharashtra 1950
13. Maithili Parts of Bihar 2003
14. Nepali Sikkim and parts of West Bengal 1992
15. Odia Odisha 1950
16. Punjabi Punjab, Chandigarh 1950
17. Sanskrit - 1950
18. Sindhi Scattered in Gujarat, Rajasthan
and Maharashtra 1967
19. Santhali Spoken by Santhal tribe in
Jharkhand, Bihar, W.B. 2003
20. Tamil Tamilnadu, Puducherry 1950
21. Telugu Andhra Pradesh 1950
22. Urdu Northern India 1950
Languages of the World
The total number of languages in the
world as recorded by Ethnologue, the
journal that chronicles the languages
of the world
7105
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The languages having
the highest number of speakers in
the world
Chinese (Mandarin)
The languages having the second
highest number of speakers in the
world
Spanish
The languages having the third,
fourth and fifth highest number of
speakers in the world
English, Hindi and
Arabic respectively
The official language of Pakistan Urdu
The language having the largest
number of native speakers in Pakistan Punjabi
The official language of Bhutan Dzongkha
The official language of Israel Hebrew
The official languages of Switzerland
German, (63.7%),
French (20.4%),
Italian (6.5%) and
Romansch (0.5%)
Institutions for promotion of Languages
Institution Location
Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore,
Karnataka
Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi
Vishwavidyalaya
Wardha,
Maharashtra
English and Foreign Languages
University Hyderabad, A.P.
Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan New Delhi
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya
Sanskrit Vidyapeeth New Delhi
Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth Tirupathi
Maulana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad
Central Institute of Classical Tamil Chennai
NEW RANK
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1 CHINESE
2. ENGLISH
3.ARABIC
4.SPANISH
5.HINDI
6.RUSSIAN
7.BENGALI
Indian Parliament Means
Rajya Sabha - Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha - Lok Sabha - Prime Minister
President of India - Rajya Sabha - Lok Sabha
President of India - Vice-President of India - LOk Sabha - Rajya SabhaC


Generally, the soil of the northern plains of India has been formed
by
degradation
aggradation
weathering in situ
erosionB
ag·gra·da·tion
The deposition of material by a river, stream, or current.



Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of
Chandragupta I
Chandragupta II
Harshavardhana
RudradamanC
C
Foreign Invaders and points to remember.
Invader Points to remember
Alexander
He was the first to invade India in 326 B.C.
He defeated King Porus on the banks of River
Jhelum. The battle is known as the Battle of
Hydaspes. Dhana Nanda of the Nanda
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Invader Points to remember
dynasty was in power in northern and eastern
India at the time of his invasion. Alexander's
army mutinied, possibly at the prospect of
facing a strong army of the Nandas and
Alexander decided to return to Macedonia.
Chengiz
Khan
He was a Mongolian who conquered some
kingdoms on the banks of River Indus in 1221
A.D. The ruler of Delhi at that time was
Iltutmish.
Mohammed
Bin Qasim
He was first muslim to invade India in
712 A.D. He conquered Sindh and Punjab
regions along the Indus river but did not
advance further.
Timur
Timur Lang or Timur the Lame, was a muslim
conqueror who invaded India in 1398. The
ruler of Delhi at the time was Nasiruddin
Mahmud Shah.
Nadir Shah
He was the ruler of Iran who invaded
India in 1738. He defeated the Mughal
Emperor Muhammed Shah and carried
with him the Peacock throne and the
Kohinoor diamond.
Ahmed Shah
Abdali
He was the ruler of Afghanistan who invaded
India several times between 1747 & 1767, the
most famous being the invasion of 1761 when
he defeated the Marathas in the 3rd battle of
Panipat.
Foreign Visitors and points to remember.
Visitor Points to remember
Megasthenes
He was the ambassador of Seleucus in the
court of Chandragupta Maurya known to
the Greek as Sandrocottus. He was also the
author of a book 'Indica'.
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Visitor Points to remember
Fahien
He was a Chinese Buddhist monk who
visited India during the reign of
Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II). He is
known for his visit to Lumbini, the birthplace
of the Buddha. His journey is described in his
travelogue "Record of Buddhist Kingdoms ...".
Huien Tsang
He was a Chinese traveller who visited
India during the time of Harsha
Vardhana. His book is called Si-yu-ki or 'The
Records of the Western World'.
Alberuni
A persian scholar, he accompanied
Mohammed of Ghazni and wrote a book
titled 'Tahqiq-i-hind'. He was the first
mulsim scholar to study India. He is regarded
as the father of Indology.
Marco Polo
He was a well known European traveller who
visited many Eastern countries, including
India. He visited Southern India where
Rudramma Devi of the Kakatiyas was in
power.
Ibn Batuta
Ibn Batuta was a Moroccon traveller who
visited India during the time of
Mohammed Bin Tughlaq. His account of
travels is known as the Rihla.
Thomas Roe
Sir Thomas Roe was an English diplomat
who visited the court of Jahangir in 1615
to seek protection for an English factory
at Surat. His Journal of the mission to the
Mogul Empire is a valuable contribution to the
history of India of the time.
William
Hawkins
Captain William Hawkins led the first
voyage of the English East India
Company to India in 1609 when Jahangir
was in power. He had a personal letter from
King James I of England 1609, but did not
succeed in seeking Jahangir's permission to
establish a factory.
Nicolo Conti
Italian merchant who visited India
during the period of Deva Raya I of
Vijayanagar (1420)
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Visitor Points to remember
Abdul Razak
He was a Persian cholar and ambassador
of the ruler of Persia to Calicut who
visited India during the rule of Deva
Raya II of Vijayanagar during 1442 to
1445.
St Thomas He is believed to be the first Christian
saint to visit India in 52 A.D..
Francois
Bernier
He was a French physician and traveller
who visited India during 1658 and 1671.
He was the personal physician of the
Mughal emperor Aurangzeb for around
12 years during his stay in India. He wrote
Travels in the Mughal Empire, which is mainly
about the reigns of Dara Shikoh and
Aurangzeb

The Muslim adventurer who destroyed the Nalanda University was
Alla-ud-din Khilji
Muhammad-bin-Tughlak
Muhammad-bin-Bhaktiyar
Muhammad-bin-QuasimC

C
Painting reached its highest level of development during the reign of
Akbar
Aurangzeb
Jahangir
Shah JahanC
FOR SCULPTURE D.. PEACOCK THRONE ALSO MADE BY SAHJAHAN..



The communal electorate was introduced for the first time in India in
1919
1935
1906
1909D
MARLEY MINTO REMFORS

The two states which had non-Congress Ministries in 1937 were
Bengal and Punjab
Punjab and NWFP
Madras and Central Provinces
Bihar and Uttar PradeshA



Sea breeze is formed during
Day time
Night time
Both
SeasonalAnswer (a). During daytime land heats up more quickly than water and the
air above it rises allowing for air above the sea to blow towards the land.
This is known as sea breeze. After sunset land cools down more quickly than
water and hence land breeze blows during the night.



What percentage of world's freshwater is stored as glacial ice?
50%
10%
70%
30%C


Which one of the following rivers of India does not make a delta?
Ganges
Godavari
Mahanadi
Tapti

D


Which one of the following states has the longest coastline?
Maharashtra
Tamilnadu
Gujarat
Andhra PradeshC
1600KM OR 990 MILES.. REMEMBER THIS VERY IMP..



The pass located in Himachal Pradesh is
Shipkila
Zojila
Nathula
Jelepla
A
NATHULA > SIKKIM
An example of false fruit is
Apple
Guava
Mango
TomatoAnswer (a). An accessory fruit (also called false fruit or spurious fruit) is a
fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some
adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. Examples of accessory tissue are the
receptacle of strawberries, figs, or mulberries, Pomes, such as apples and
pears



Normal fasting blood sugar level per 100 ml. of blood in man is
30 - 50 mg
50 - 70 mg
80 - 100 mg
120 - 140 mgC



Rate of interest is determined by
The rate of return on the capital invested
Central Government
Liquidity preference
Commercial BanksC


The vector of disease sleeping sickness is
sand-fly
house-fly
fruit-fly
tse-tse flyD
SANDS FLY> KALA AZAR



For how many years have the dinosaurs been extinct?
About 25 million years
About 65 milion years
About 100 million years
About 135 million years
B



A geostationary satellite revolves round the earth from
East to West
West to East
North to South
South to North
Answer (b). A geo-stationary satellite is stationary with respect to the earth
and in order to be so, it must revolve alongwith the earth. Since the
direction of earth's rotation is from west to east, the same is the case with a
geo-stationary satellite.Got it



Among the following materials sound travels fastest in
Steel
Air
Vacuum
Water
A
SOLID>LIQUID>GAS
The rear side of the moon was photographed by
Viking I
Viking II
Luna III
Mariner IXC


Which phenomenon do bats or dolphins use to find prey, predators
or obstacles?
Refraction of sound
Formation of beats
Scattering
Echo locationD


What did the first electronic digital computer contain?
Transistors
Valves
Core memory
Semiconductor memoryB



Microsoft Office's personal information manager is
Outlook
Internet Explorer
Organiser
AccessA


Hard steel contains
2 to 5 per cent carbon
0.5 to 1.5 per cent carbon
0.1 to 0.4 per cent carbon
0.01 to 0.04 per cent carbonB


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